What Causes a Dead Tooth?

Teeth consist of four layers—enamel (hardest, protective exterior), dentine (porous layer with microscopic channels), pulp (nerve and blood-rich interior), and cementum (anchors tooth to jawbone). The pulp supplies oxygen and nutrients vital for tooth health.

A "dead tooth" loses blood supply when pulp nerves become damaged, preventing nutrient delivery. If untreated, the tooth may eventually detach and fall out.

Symptoms include pain from pressure on surrounding nerves, sensitivity, foul tastes or smells, and tooth discoloration (yellow, brown, gray, or black). Many dead teeth show no symptoms, making professional screening essential.

Primary causes include untreated tooth decay (cavities penetrating deeper layers) and physical trauma (sports injuries, accidents, falls) that damages blood vessels or cuts oxygen supply.

Early intervention can sometimes save a dead tooth through root canal therapy.

Root canal therapy removes inflamed nerves and seals the tooth. Extraction becomes necessary when the tooth cannot be preserved, followed by implant placement.

Untreated dead teeth can lead to infection, abscess formation, and spread of bacteria to other parts of the body.

Maintain twice-yearly dental visits, consistent brushing and flossing, use fluoride products, wear mouthguards during physical activities, and avoid teeth grinding and aggressive brushing.

A dead tooth is a serious condition that requires professional treatment. Prevention through good oral hygiene and protective measures is key.